wallace（The Life and Work of Alfred Russel Wallace）

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wallace（The Life and Work of Alfred Russel Wallace）

The Life and Work of Alfred Russel Wallace

Early Life and Career

Alfred Russel Wallace was born in Usk, Monmouthshire, England on January 8, 1823. His interest in the natural world began at a young age when he started collecting insects and studying their behaviour. Wallace was largely self-taught and never received a formal education. However, his lack of a formal education did not deter him from pursuing his passion for science. In 1848, Wallace began working as a land surveyor in Wales, where he spent much of his free time studying the natural history of the region. This eventually led to a publication of his first paper on the subject. Wallace’s interest in the natural world took him on a journey across the world, where he spent many years in both South America and South-east Asia.

Studies of Evolution

During his travels, Wallace became interested in the biogeography of different species and how they were distributed across the world. In particular, he began studying the differences between species on opposite sides of what is now called the Wallace Line, an imaginary line that separates the Asia-Pacific region and the Australian region. This research eventually led Wallace to develop his theory of evolution, which he called “survival of the fittest”. In 1858, Wallace sent a letter to Charles Darwin outlining his theory of evolution. This letter was the first time that Darwin had heard the idea of natural selection, which later became a cornerstone of Darwin's work on evolution. However, Wallace’s contributions to the development of the theory were largely forgotten for many years.

Legacy and Recognition

Despite the fact that Wallace’s work was overshadowed by Darwin’s for many years, his contributions to the field of natural science were significant. Not only did he develop and share ideas on evolution, he also discovered and described many new species of animals, including over 800 species of birds. Wallace’s legacy lives on in the many species that bear his name, including Wallace’s giant bee, Wallace’s flying frog, and Wallace’s standardwing bird. He is also remembered through numerous awards and prizes, including the Wallacea Award, which is given to individuals who have made important contributions to the study of biogeography. In conclusion, Alfred Russel Wallace’s life and work has left an enduring impact on the field of natural science. Despite the challenges he faced as a self-taught scientist from a modest background, he was able to make significant contributions to our understanding of the natural world. His legacy lives on through his scientific discoveries and the many awards and prizes that recognize his achievements.

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